Isozyme and RAPD Markers in Relation to In Vitro Morphogenesis and In Vivo Development of Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhita Betal ◽  
Sarmistha Sen Raychaudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
In Vitro Morphogenesis

Establishment and characterization of conditionally immortalized cells from the mouse urogenital ridge

1996 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 899-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Capel ◽  
J.R. Hawkins ◽  
E. Hirst ◽  
D. Kioussis ◽  
R. Lovell-Badge
Keyword(s):  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
T Antigen ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Sv40 Large T Antigen ◽  
In Vitro Morphogenesis ◽  
Immortalized Cells ◽  
Clonal Lines

Cell cultures from the urogenital ridge have been established to facilitate the study of the regulation and downstream interactions of Sry in mammalian sex determination. Cells have been explanted from transgenic mice carrying a temperature sensitive SV40 large T-antigen, and established in ongoing cultures. Analysis of the cells in these cultures at the electron microscope level reveals multiple cell types that compare to the cell types found in vivo during this period of development. Primordial germ cells, that are simultaneously explanted in the course of these experiments, also survive in culture. The explants undergo a morphogenetic organization into branching cord-like structures when cells are trypsinized and plated in extracellular matrix (Matrigel). We analyzed the expression of a number of molecular markers of the fetal gonad during monolayer culture, during in vitro morphogenesis in Matrigel, and in clonal lines derived from the complex explants. This analysis included Sry which is found to be expressed in some cultures from XY urogenital ridges that have been maintained for as long as 8 months.

scholarly journals In vitro morphogenesis of chick embryo hypertrophic cartilage.

1987 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 999-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Tacchetti ◽  
R Quarto ◽  
L Nitsch ◽  
D J Hartmann ◽  
R Cancedda
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cell Aggregates ◽  
In Vitro Morphogenesis ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Hypertrophic Cartilage ◽  
Histologic Appearance ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Dedifferentiated chick embryo chondrocytes (Castagnola, P., G. Moro, F. Descalzi-Cancedda, and R. Cancedda, 1986, J. Cell Biol., 102:2310-2317), when transferred to suspension culture on agarose-coated dishes in the presence of ascorbic acid, aggregate and remain clustered. With time in culture, clusters grow in size and adhere to each other, forming structures that may be several millimeters in dimension. These structures after 7 d of culture have the histologic appearance of mature hypertrophic cartilage partially surrounded by a layer of elongated cells resembling the perichondrium. Cells inside the aggregates have ultrastructural features of stage I (proliferating) or stage II (hypertrophic) chondrocytes depending on their location. Occurrence and distribution of type I, II, and X collagens in the in vitro-formed cartilage at different times of culture, show a temporal and spatial distribution of these antigens reminiscent of the maturation events occurring in the cartilage in vivo. A comparable histologic appearance is shown also by cell aggregates obtained starting with a population of cells derived from a single, cloned, dedifferentiated chondrocyte.

scholarly journals Verification and Establishment of Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Kardinal’ x H. paniculata ‘Brussels Lace’ Interspecific Hybrids

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Reed ◽  
G. L. Riedel ◽  
M. R. Pooler
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Hydrangea Macrophylla ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Putative Hybrids

Abstract An interspecific hydrangea breeding project with the goal of producing cold-hardy hydrangeas with brightly colored flowers was initiated in 1997. The objective of the current study was to transfer Hydrangea macrophylla x H. paniculata plants obtained using ovule culture to in vivo conditions and to verify their hybrid nature. Putative hybrids, representing five H. macrophylla x H. paniculata cultivar combinations, were propagated and rooted in vitro. ‘Kardinal’ x ‘Brussels Lace’ putative hybrids were the only plants that produced roots and survived transfer to the greenhouse. RAPD markers were used to verify hybridity in 13 of these plants, only 5 of which survived. Four of the ‘Kardinal’ x ‘Brussels Lace’ hybrids were greatly reduced in size and slow-growing, having an average height of only 6.4 cm (2.5 in) 8 months after being removed from in vitro conditions. Height, internode length, leaf length and leaf width were approximately six times greater in the remaining ‘Kardinal’ x ‘Brussels Lace’ hybrid than in the four small hybrids. All hybrids resembled H. paniculata in leaf shape and pubescence, and appeared to be less susceptible than H. macrophylla to powdery mildew. Intercrosses between hybrids and backcrosses to parental species will be made when the hybrids flower.

IGF-I, insulin and FGFs induce outgrowth of the limb buds of amelic mutant chick embryos

Development ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 1323-1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.N. Dealy ◽  
R.A. Kosher
Keyword(s):  
Proper Time ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
In Vitro Morphogenesis ◽  
Limb Buds ◽  
Limb Outgrowth ◽  
Igf I ◽  
High Level

IGF-I, insulin, FGF-2 and FGF-4 have been implicated in the reciprocal interactions between the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) and underlying mesoderm required for outgrowth and patterning of the developing limb. To study further the roles of these growth factors in limb outgrowth, we have examined their effects on the in vitro morphogenesis of limb buds of the amelic mutant chick embryos wingless (wl) and limbless (ll). Limb buds of wl and ll mutant embryos form at the proper time in development, but fail to undergo further outgrowth and subsequently degenerate. Wl and ll limb buds lack thickened AERs capable of promoting limb outgrowth, and their thin apical ectoderms fail to express the homeobox-containing gene Msx-2, which is highly expressed by normal AERs and has been implicated in regulating AER activity. Here we report that exogenous IGF-I and insulin, and, to a lesser extent, FGF-2 and FGF-4 induce the proliferation and directed outgrowth of explanted wl and ll mutant limb buds, which in vitro, like in vivo, normally fail to undergo outgrowth and degenerate. IGF-I and insulin, but not FGFs, also cause the thin apical ectoderms of wl and ll limb buds to thicken and form structures that grossly resemble normal AERs and, moreover, induce high level expression of Msx-2 in these thickened AER-like structures. Neither IGF-I, insulin nor FGFs induce expression of the homeobox-containing gene Msx-1 in the subapical mesoderm of wl or ll limb buds, although FGFs, but not IGF-I or insulin, maintain Msx-1 expression in normal (non-mutant) limb bud explants lacking an AER. The implications of these results to the relationships among the wl and ll genes, IGF-I/insulin, FGFs, Msx-2 and Msx-1 in the regulation of limb outgrowth is discussed.

scholarly journals Application of Date Seeds Powder as Growth Additive for Callus Induction in vitro Using Vigna radiata Hypocotyl Seedling Explant

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Salla Hemadri Reddy ◽  
Ibtihal Sultan Al Maskari ◽  
Shaima Eid Alrubkhi ◽  
Shamsa Sulaiman Alkindi
Keyword(s):  
Callus Induction ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Date Seed ◽  
Tissue Culture Media ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Seedling Explant

Date seeds (Phoenix dectylifera) are one of the seeds that is not usable and always end to be disposed. The present study describes date seeds as an additive on callus induction in vitro from hypocotyl explants of Vigna radiata. The objective is to explore the usage of date seed powder as growth additive to promote in plant tissue culture media thereby it can be utilized as fertilizer in vivo for sustainable agriculture. 1% concentrations of date seed powder under controlled conditions highly influenced the callus induction. MS media supplied with different auxins is prepared for callus induction. The highest degree of callus weight was observed in MS media supplemented with (5mg/L) 2, 4-D + (0.5 mg/L) Kn (0.437±0.1). MS media supplied with different concentrations of date seed powder + (5mg/L) 2,4-D + (0.5 mg/L) Kn are prepared for callus induction under controlled conditions (16hrs light and 8hrs dark, 3000 lux light intensity,60% humidity and 25±20c) in a plant growth chamber.  MS media supplied with 1% date seed + 3% sucrose + 0.5 mg/l of Kn +5 mg/l of 2,4D gave the highest stimulation of callus growth. Results show that date seed is not replacing sucrose as a carbon source, but it acts as a good additive to promote induction callus. Quantitative nutritional analysis of date seed powder was carried out. The results show date seed powder contains a high amount of elements like: Ca (2994.33), k (1712.33), Si (456.33), Mg (687.33), which plays a major role in callus formation.

Induction and Differentiation of Dental Epithelium in Vivo and in Vitro

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 142-145
Author(s):  
E. J. Kollar
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Functional Derivatives ◽  
Specific Source ◽  
Dental Epithelium ◽  
Connective Tissue Stroma

The differentiation and maintenance of many specialized epithelial structures are dependent on the underlying connective tissue stroma and on an intact basal lamina. These requirements are especially stringent in the development and maintenance of the skin and oral mucosa. The keratinization patterns of thin or thick cornified layers as well as the appearance of specialized functional derivatives such as hair and teeth can be correlated with the specific source of stroma which supports these differentiated expressions.

Ultrastructural Correlations between Clonal Human Tumor Colonies and in Vivo Neoplasms

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
M.J. Murphy ◽  
R.R. Price ◽  
J.C. Sloman
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Tumor Mass ◽  
Initial Cell ◽  
Cloning Assay ◽  
Human Tumor Cloning ◽  
The Relationship

The in vitro human tumor cloning assay originally described by Salmon and Hamburger has been applied recently to the investigation of differential anti-tumor drug sensitivities over a broad range of human neoplasms. A major problem in the acceptance of this technique has been the question of the relationship between the cultured cells and the original patient tumor, i.e., whether the colonies that develop derive from the neoplasm or from some other cell type within the initial cell population. A study of the ultrastructural morphology of the cultured cells vs. patient tumor has therefore been undertaken to resolve this question. Direct correlation was assured by division of a common tumor mass at surgical resection, one biopsy being fixed for TEM studies, the second being rapidly transported to the laboratory for culture.

Ultrastructure of melanocyte-keratinocyte interactions and pigment transfer in vitro

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 650-651
Author(s):  
Raul I. Garcia ◽  
Evelyn A. Flynn ◽  
George Szabo
Keyword(s):  
Direct Injection ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Pigment Granule ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Lanthanum Tracer ◽  
A Cell

Skin pigmentation in mammals involves the interaction of epidermal melanocytes and keratinocytes in the structural and functional unit known as the Epidermal Melanin Unit. Melanocytes(M) synthesize melanin within specialized membrane-bound organelles, the melanosome or pigment granule. These are subsequently transferred by way of M dendrites to keratinocytes(K) by a mechanism still to be clearly defined. Three different, though not necessarily mutually exclusive, mechanisms of melanosome transfer have been proposed: cytophagocytosis by K of M dendrite tips containing melanosomes, direct injection of melanosomes into the K cytoplasm through a cell-to-cell pore or communicating channel formed by localized fusion of M and K cell membranes, release of melanosomes into the extracellular space(ECS) by exocytosis followed by K uptake using conventional phagocytosis. Variability in methods of transfer has been noted both in vivo and in vitro and there is evidence in support of each transfer mechanism. We Have previously studied M-K interactions in vitro using time-lapse cinemicrography and in vivo at the ultrastructural level using lanthanum tracer and freeze-fracture.

In vitro and in vivo polysaccharides assembly: ultrastructural and cytochemical study of growing plant cell wall components.

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-435
Author(s):  
D. Reis ◽  
B. Vian ◽  
J. C. Roland
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Wall Components

Wall morphogenesis in higher plants is a problem still open to controversy. Until now the possibility of a transmembrane control and the involvement of microtubules were mostly envisaged. Self-assembly processes have been observed in the case of walls of Chlamydomonas and bacteria. Spontaneous gelling interactions between xanthan and galactomannan from Ceratonia have been analyzed very recently. The present work provides indications that some processes of spontaneous aggregation could occur in higher plants during the formation and expansion of cell wall.Observations were performed on hypocotyl of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) for which growth characteristics and wall composition have been previously defined.In situ, the walls of actively growing cells (primary walls) show an ordered three-dimensional organization (fig. 1). The wall is typically polylamellate with multifibrillar layers alternately transverse and longitudinal. Between these layers intermediate strata exist in which the orientation of microfibrils progressively rotates. Thus a progressive change in the morphogenetic activity occurs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document